ABSTRACT
This review aimed to identify the features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pediatric patients after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. According to the literature, the incidence of COVID-19 was reported to be 1-5% among children. However, the incidence of infection with the new variant of the virus is higher in children. The most common features were fever and respiratory manifestation. The milder severity and lower mortality of COVID-19 among children are related to their less contact, immature immune system, and different features of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an important receptor of the virus to invade the host cells. Several complications were observed in severe pediatric patients, such as coinfections, encephalitis, multisystem inflammatory syndrome, and multiorgan failure. The most frequent laboratory data were the procalcitonin elevation. The enhanced inflammatory factors and lymphocytopenia were less common among this population. In the CT findings, the ground-glass opacities, pulmonary consolidation, fine mesh shadow, and tiny nodules were most common. While some children were admitted to the ICU, mechanical ventilation was rarely reported. The vertical intrauterine transmission from mother to child has not been proven. The treatment mainly focuses on maintaining balance in the fluids and electrolytes, nutritional support, and oxygen therapy for this vulnerable population.Copyright © 2022, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: Mucormycosis is a rare disease with high morbidity and mortality, and its diagnosis is difficult and often delayed. Also, the disease tends to progress rapidly. Therefore, urgent surgical and medical intervention is lifesaving. Case Presentation: A 24-year-old woman with diabetes since 3 months ago presented with excessive tearing in her left eye, unilateral headache with epistaxis, and loss of consciousness at Razi Hospital, Rasht City, Iran, in June 2021. A clinical and pathologic diagnosis of mucormycosis was established. Imaging the head and paranasal sinuses revealed extensive involvement of the brain, paranasal sinuses, and left orbit. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B (5 mg/kg) was administered for about 50 days until discharge. During the treatment period, the patient underwent several surgical procedures, such as enucleation of the left eye, surgery on soft and hard palates, sinuses, and neurosurgery for debridement of necrotizing tissues. After 50 days of intensive medical and surgical treatments, the patient was recovered and discharged. Conclusion: In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, many diabetic patients acquire that infection. Physicians caring for these patients should be alert to mucormycosis as a complication of severe or mild COVID-19 infection. Early diagnostic and therapeutic interventions could be lifesaving for these patients. © 2018 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC-By-NC license.
ABSTRACT
Background: Mucormycosis is a rare disease with high morbidity and mortality, and its diagnosis is difficult and often delayed. Also, the disease tends to progress rapidly. Therefore, urgent surgical and medical intervention is lifesaving. Case Presentation: A 24-year-old woman with diabetes since 3 months ago presented with excessive tearing in her left eye, unilateral headache with epistaxis, and loss of consciousness at Razi Hospital, Rasht City, Iran, in June 2021. A clinical and pathologic diagnosis of mucormycosis was established. Imaging the head and paranasal sinuses revealed extensive involvement of the brain, paranasal sinuses, and left orbit. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B (5 mg/kg) was administered for about 50 days until discharge. During the treatment period, the patient underwent several surgical procedures, such as enucleation of the left eye, surgery on soft and hard palates, sinuses, and neurosurgery for debridement of necrotizing tissues. After 50 days of intensive medical and surgical treatments, the patient was recovered and discharged. Conclusion: In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, many diabetic patients acquire that infection. Physicians caring for these patients should be alert to mucormycosis as a complication of severe or mild COVID-19 infection. Early diagnostic and therapeutic interventions could be lifesaving for these patients. © 2018 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC-By-NC license.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Covid 19 is an emerging and acute respiratory disease with high prevalence that has spread across whole world. The disease can lead to death by progressive respiratory failure, involvement of other organs, and systemic problems. The present study aim was the survey of the histopathological changes in lung, liver and heart tissues of patients with Covid-19. Methods: In this study, acupuncture biopsy of three organs of lung, liver and heart of 6 patients with Covid-19 disease was performed in Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran. The samples were collected after death and obtaining the consent inform from the patient’s family. All samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Imaging, serological and paraclinical findings of patients were evaluated. Results: Tissue biopsy in this study showed advanced alveolar injury and vascular congestion in the lungs of most patients. Small vascular thrombosis was suspected in patients with advanced clinical history. Examination of liver tissue pathology showed periportal inflammation in the liver, spread of steatosis in liver cells. Signs of mild myocarditis were seen in the heart tissue. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, changes in liver, heart and lung tissues in patients may be due to secondary side effects of Covid-19, different drug therapies at the onset of Covid-19 disease or the effect of patients' clinical history. © 2021, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to report histopathological features and serological outputs of the lung, heart and liver in a patient suffered from Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). A woman was admitted to the Razi Hospital, Rasht city, Iran with the symptoms of cough, dyspnea, fever and myalgia. She had also Parkinson’s disease (PD);she had no history of respiratory, cardiovascular, renal and gastrointestinal diseases and alcohol consumption. COVID-19 infection was proved by the Real time-PCR (RT-qPCR) test. The required specimen was obtained from nasopharyngeal swab;however, lung radiologic findings revealed atypical signs of COVID-19. The patient expired after 8 days of admission. After death, needle biopsy was performed for histopathologic evaluation of the heart, lung and liver tissues. The RT-qPCR was performed to evaluate the presence of Coronavirus in the tissues. The pathological biopsies showed advanced alveolar damages in the lung, periportal inflammation in the liver, spread steatosis in the hepatocytes and moderate myocarditis in the heart. However, the RT-qPCR test was negative for these tissues, but alterations in the above-mentioned areas may be due to the secondary side effects of COVID-19 infection or pharmacological treatments.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 has turned into one of the biggest healthcare challenges in the world. COVID-19 disease causative agent (SARS-CoV-2 virus) causes acute pneumonia and has claimed the lives of more than one million people around the world. One of the challenges the physicians face is the similarities between the symptoms of COVID-19 and influenza infection. Both viruses cause severe infection of lungs, but influenza virus has different types and some types are highly pathogenic;even more than coronavirus. Children and pregnant women are more vulnerable to influenza virus and children may experience harsher symptoms. COVID-19 symptoms on the other hand are milder in pregnant women and children. Influenza although an important pathogen of respiratory tract is mostly a seasonal virus and is in this regard dissimilar to SARS-CoV-2 virus. 1918 Influenza pandemic which claimed the lives of about 50 million people, remains the worst outbreak human beings have ever experienced. Avian flu (H5N1) has created pandemics as well. At the present study, comparative study of clinical and laboratory symptoms and imaging features of coronavirus and influenza virus and also similarities and differences in their pathogenesis is carried out. © 2020 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.